Isotopes: Isotopes are the atoms of the same element having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus but the same number of protons and electrons.
Hydrogen has 3 isotopes ((tt H_1^1), (tt H_1^2), (tt H_1^3)). (tt H_1^1) has only one proton present in it's nucleus and no neuton present in it's nucleus. (tt H_1^1) is the only atom which has no neutron
Chlorine has two isotopes, (tt Cl_17^35) and (tt Cl_17^37). (tt Cl_17^35) has 17 protons, 17 electrons and 18 neutons. (tt Cl_17^35) has 17 protons, 17 electrons and 20 neutrons.
Isotones: Atoms of different elements that have the same number of neutrons are called Isotones.
Example: (tt H_1^3) and (tt He_2^4)
(tt H_1^3) has 1 proton, 1 electron and (3-1)=2 neutons. (tt He_2^4) has 2 protons, 2 electrons and (4-2)=2 neutons.
Isobar: Isobar means atoms of different elements having the same mass number but a different atomic number.
(tt N_7^14) and (tt C_1^3){N^14}_7, {C^14}_6 are Isobar. (tt N_7^14) has 7 protons, 7 electrons and (14-7)=7 neutrons. (tt C_6^14) has 6 protons, 6 electrons and (14-6)=8 neutons.
Ions: Atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons. If an atom has gained one or more atoms or lost one or more electrons an ion is formed. When an atom receives one or more electrons and gained a negative charge an anion is formed. When an atom lost one or more electrons and gained a positive charge a cation is formed.
K^+ has 19 protons and 18 electons. Cl^- has 17 protons and 18 electrons.
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