Transformation into complex sentences | Part - 1

Transformation into Complex Sentences

Definition: A complex sentence consists of a primary (independent) clause along with at least one subordinate (dependent) clause that adds additional information. These subordinate clauses can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb in the sentence.

Why Use Complex Sentences?

• To express more detailed ideas.
• To show relationships like cause, purpose, condition, time, and contrast.
• To improve writing by connecting related ideas logically.

Structure of a Complex Sentence:

A complex sentence is formed by joining an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses using subordinating conjunctions such as: because, although, since, if, when, while, as, before, after, that, who, which, etc.

Types of Subordinate Clauses:

• Noun Clause: Acts as a subject or object.
  Example: I know that he is honest.
• Adjective Clause: Describes a noun or pronoun.
  Example: The book which you gave me is interesting.
• Adverb Clause: Describes when, where, why, or how something happens.
  Example: He left because he was tired.

How to Transform Simple or Compound Sentences into Complex Ones:

1. By Using Noun Clauses:

Simple: I hope to win the prize.
Complex: I hope that I will win the prize.

2. By Using Adjective Clauses:

Simple: The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.
Complex: The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.

3. By Using Adverb Clauses:

Simple: Hearing the alarm, she rushed out of the building.
Complex: She rushed out of the building as soon as she heard the alarm.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions:

• Cause/Reason: because, since, as
• Time: Conjunctions such as when, while, before, after, and as soon as are used to indicate the timing or sequence of actions.
• Purpose: so that, in order that
• Condition: if, unless, provided that
• Contrast: although, though, even though

Practice Examples:

1. He was tired. He took rest. → He took rest because he was tired.
2. The sun set. We returned home. → We returned home after the sun set.
3. She may not come. In that case, call me. → If she does not come, call me.

Tips for Students:

• Identify the main idea and supporting details in the original sentence.
• Select the correct conjunctions to join the clauses so that the sentence remains clear and logically connected.
• Make sure the sentence remains grammatically correct after transformation.

Mastering complex sentences enhances both your writing and comprehension. Practice converting simple or compound sentences into complex ones using various types of subordinate clauses to improve your command over English grammar.